15,062 research outputs found
Molecular water accumulation on silica measured by land-contrast interferometry with picometer height resolution
We observed water film accumulation on silica surfaces in the air to 2
picometer resolution using optical land-contrast (LC) interferometry. The
land-contrast approach is non-destructive and allows real-time measurement of
thickness variation of small molecular films on a surface. Water accumulation
rates are observed to be different on bare or protein monolayer coated silica
surfaces. This suggests that water contributes false signals to mass-sensitive
biosensors for protein microarray
Synchronization on complex networks with different sorts of communities
In this paper, inspired by the idea that many real networks are composed by
different sorts of communities, we investigate the synchronization property of
oscillators on such networks. We identify the communities by the intrinsic
frequencies probability density of Kuramoto oscillators. That is to
say, communities in different sorts are functional different. For a network
containing two sorts of communities, when the community strength is strong,
only the oscillators in the same community synchronize. With the weakening of
the community strength, an interesting phenomenon, \emph{Community Grouping},
appears: although the global synchronization is not achieved, oscillators in
the same sort of communities will synchronize. Global synchronization will
appear with the further reducing of the community strength, and the oscillators
will rotate around the average frequency.Comment: 5 pages, 6 figure
Non-commutativity and Local Indistinguishability of Quantum States
We study the local indistinguishability problem of quantum states. By
introducing an easily calculated quantity, non-commutativity, we present an
criterion which is both necessary and sufficient for the local
indistinguishability of a complete set of pure orthogonal product states. A
constructive distinguishing procedure to obtain the concrete local measurements
and classical communications is given. The non-commutativity of ensembles can
be also used to characterize the quantumness for classical-quantum or
quantum-classical correlated states.Comment: 12 page
A Note on Fully Entangled Fraction
We investigate the general characters of fully entangled fraction for quantum
states. The fully entangled fraction of Isotropic states and Werner states are
analytically computed.Comment: 10 page
On the Cramer-Rao Lower Bound for Spatial Correlation Matrices of Doubly Selective Fading Channels for MIMO OFDM Systems
The analytic expression of CRLB and the maximum likelihood estimator for
spatial correlation matrices in time-varying multipath fading channels for MIMO
OFDM systems are reported in this paper. The analytical and numerical results
reveal that the amount of samples and the order of frequency selectivity have
dominant impact on the CRLB. Moreover, the number of pilot tones, SNR as well
as the normalized maximum Doppler spread together influence the effective order
of frequency selectivity.Comment: 6 pages, 8 figures, Submitted to IEEE WCNC'0
Joint Background Reconstruction and Foreground Segmentation via A Two-stage Convolutional Neural Network
Foreground segmentation in video sequences is a classic topic in computer
vision. Due to the lack of semantic and prior knowledge, it is difficult for
existing methods to deal with sophisticated scenes well. Therefore, in this
paper, we propose an end-to-end two-stage deep convolutional neural network
(CNN) framework for foreground segmentation in video sequences. In the first
stage, a convolutional encoder-decoder sub-network is employed to reconstruct
the background images and encode rich prior knowledge of background scenes. In
the second stage, the reconstructed background and current frame are input into
a multi-channel fully-convolutional sub-network (MCFCN) for accurate foreground
segmentation. In the two-stage CNN, the reconstruction loss and segmentation
loss are jointly optimized. The background images and foreground objects are
output simultaneously in an end-to-end way. Moreover, by incorporating the
prior semantic knowledge of foreground and background in the pre-training
process, our method could restrain the background noise and keep the integrity
of foreground objects at the same time. Experiments on CDNet 2014 show that our
method outperforms the state-of-the-art by 4.9%.Comment: ICME 201
Phase Synchronization of non-Abelian Oscillators on Small-World Networks
In this paper, by extending the concept of Kuramoto oscillator to the
left-invariant flow on general Lie group, we investigate the generalized phase
synchronization on networks. The analyses and simulations of some typical
dynamical systems on Watts-Strogatz networks are given, including the
-dimensional torus, the identity component of 3-dimensional general linear
group, the special unitary group, and the special orthogonal group. In all
cases, the greater disorder of networks will predict better synchronizability,
and the small-world effect ensures the global synchronization for sufficiently
large coupling strength. The collective synchronized behaviors of many
dynamical systems, such as the integrable systems, the two-state quantum
systems and the top systems, can be described by the present phase
synchronization frame. In addition, it is intuitive that the low-dimensional
systems are more easily to synchronize, however, to our surprise, we found that
the high-dimensional systems display obviously synchronized behaviors in
regular networks, while these phenomena can not be observed in low-dimensional
systems.Comment: 5 pages, and 3 figure
Adaptive Full-Duplex Jamming Receiver for Secure D2D Links in Random Networks
Device-to-device (D2D) communication raises new transmission secrecy
protection challenges, since conventional physical layer security approaches,
such as multiple antennas and cooperation techniques, are invalid due to its
resource/size constraints. The full-duplex (FD) jamming receiver, which
radiates jamming signals to confuse eavesdroppers when receiving the desired
signal simultaneously, is a promising candidate. Unlike existing endeavors that
assume the FD jamming receiver always improves the secrecy performance compared
with the half-duplex (HD) receiver, we show that this assumption highly depends
on the instantaneous residual self-interference cancellation level and may be
invalid. We propose an adaptive jamming receiver operating in a switched FD/HD
mode for a D2D link in random networks. Subject to the secrecy outage
probability constraint, we optimize the transceiver parameters, such as
signal/jamming powers, secrecy rates and mode switch criteria, to maximize the
secrecy throughput. Most of the optimization operations are taken off-line and
only very limited on-line calculations are required to make the scheme with low
complexity. Furthermore, some interesting insights are provided, such as the
secrecy throughput is a quasi-concave function. Numerical results are
demonstrated to verify our theoretical findings, and to show its superiority
compared with the receiver operating in the FD or HD mode only
Inflation in de Sitter spacetime and CMB large scales anomaly
The influence of cosmological constant type dark energy in the early universe
is investigated. This is accommodated by a new dispersion relation in de Sitter
spacetime. We perform a global fitting to explore the cosmological parameters
space by using the CosmoMC package with the recently released Planck TT and
WMAP Polarization datasets. Using the results from global fitting, we compute a
new CMB temperature-temperature spectrum. The obtained TT spectrum has lower
power compared with the one based on CDM model at large scales.Comment: 4 pages, 1 table, 3 figure
CosmoMC Installation and Running Guidelines
CosmoMC is a Fortran 95 Markov-Chain Monte-Carlo (MCMC) engine to explore the
cosmological parameter space, plus a Python suite for plotting and presenting
results (see http://cosmologist.info/cosmomc/). This document describes the
installation of the CosmoMC on a Linux system (Ubuntu 14.04.1 LTS 64-bit
version). It is written for those who want to use it in their scientific
research but without much training on Linux and the program. Besides a
step-by-step installation guide, we also give a brief introduction of how to
run the program on both a desktop and a cluster. We share our way to generate
the plots that are commonly used in the references of cosmology. For more
information, one can refer to the CosmoCoffee forum
(http://cosmocoffee.info/viewforum.php?f=11) or contact the authors of this
document. Questions and comments would be much appreciated.Comment: 10 pages, 0 figures. Publicly distributed and availabl
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